One type of IIFR (Infu-Green Plus Kit Medi Line Active Korea, Ansan, Korea) was used. s) of each fluid was measured using a rotational viscometer (HAAKE MARS II Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at a shear rate of 200/s at 20☌.The secondary outcome was that there is a correlation between flow rate and fluid viscosity.įive infusion fluids commonly used in the prehospital environment were utilized: 0.9% normal saline 1,000 mL (JW Pharmaceutical, Seoul, Korea), Hartmann’s solution 1,000 mL (JW Pharmaceutical), Plasma Solution-A 1,000 mL (HK inno.N, Seoul, Korea), 6% hetastarch 500 mL (Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany) and 5% albumin 250 mL (GC Pharma, Yongin, Korea). The primary outcome was that the actually measured flow rate of fluid with various viscosities were different from the preset infusion rates. Thus, in this study, the effects of intravenous (IV) fluid viscosity on the infusion flow rate when using IIFRs were assessed. If the preset infusion rate differs from the actual infusion rate due to high viscosity, the difference could lead to overhydration or underhydration and harm the patient. By experience, the viscosity of each type of fluid is considered different from each other, but there is no data of flow rate regarding the exact viscosity of crystalloids and colloids. There are many factors that might interfere with the accuracy of IIFR scales, and there is no accredited institution that verifies the accuracy of them.Īs shown in Poiseuille’s Law, Q = /8 μL, the flow rate of the fluid (Q) is determined by the viscosity of the fluid (μ). However, since the scales are marked based on the flow rate of normal saline, the accuracy is not known when using other fluids. 4 Because the numeric scales are marked on IIFRs, health care workers believe that they can precisely control the flow rate by scales. Intravenous infusion flow regulators (IIFRs) are widely used to regulate fluid administration. The amount of fluid administration should be optimized based on the type of surgery or operative risk 1, 2 because excessive intraoperative fluid volume can result in edema and organ dysfunction, while inadequate intraoperative fluid volume can result in hypoperfusion and organ ischemia. Accurate fluid management is a prime concern in perioperative patient care.
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